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Role of AI in India’s Legal System: Opportunities and Dangers

AI

For the past few years, the whole world has been hearing about “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) constantly. Lately, it has started to show its magic in almost all human work areas. According to Wikipedia, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a computational system that performs tasks related to human intelligence like learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making.

India’s judiciary faces long-standing challenges like pending cases, language barriers, and the need for digital modernization. In response, by integrating AI into judicial processes, case management, legal research, and law enforcement, India’s legal system is streamlining its operations, reducing delays, and making justice more accessible to everyone. Many lawyers and courts use AI-based tools like ChatGPT for learning, legal or reference case research, translation, and finding related news/articles. I have previously written about various aspects of AI, you can read them.

Use of AI in Indian Courts :-

As part of the third phase of the Indian Supreme Court’s ₹72.10 billion (7210 crore) e-Courts Project, AI-based initiatives are reshaping India’s legal system. These include:

These initiatives are making legal processes faster, smarter, and more transparent. They utilize many AI-driven technologies, including Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Machine Language Translation, and Predictive Analytics. As of March 2025, over a thousand Indian Supreme Court judgments have been translated into sixteen regional languages using AI-assisted legal translation tools.

Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Courts Efficiency” (SUPACE), unveiled this March, is an AI-based portal developed by the Supreme Court of India to help judges manage their workload. It aims to facilitate legal research, identify relevant case precedents, and summarize judgments, ultimately increasing the efficiency and speed of the judicial process.

Use of AI in Indian Police System :-

AI is being integrated into various state police systems in India to enhance the efficiency of crime detection, surveillance, documentation, analysis, and criminal investigations. Key implemented systems include:

The Indian government’s facial recognition project database contains over 700 million photographs of Indian citizens, including over 2 million photographs of sexual offenders. Using this, AI facial recognition systems have been installed in 7 Indian railway stations since July 21st to identify sexual offenders. Now, AI is being used to identify criminals by reverse image matching from CCTV footage, and police can instantly determine if vehicle number plates are genuine or fake.

How Lawyers Can Use AI in Their Work :-

As common knowledge suggests, a lawyer’s job isn’t just about arguing in court. Behind that, there’s a huge amount of research, document analysis, drafting, and many other steps. AI simplifies administrative tasks like:

Currently, AI Legal Tech is growing rapidly in India, proving helpful for lawyers, law students, and the general public. Key examples include:

Advantages AI Brings to Judges, Police, and the Legal Profession:-

Disadvantages/Risks AI Brings to Judges, Police, and the Legal Profession :-

Artificial Intelligence has immense potential to transform the legal and judicial system. It can speed up work, increase efficiency, and help deliver justice to more people. However, it’s wrong to ignore its risks. Challenges like misinformation, biases, and lack of transparency must be handled carefully. It’s important to remember that AI is here to assist us, not to completely take over our place. Human discretion, ethics, and empathy will always remain the heart of law and justice. Only by using AI responsibly can we build a fair and effective legal system.

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